The ore that is necessary for the production of nickel is mined in 23 countries around the world, including Russia, Greece, Brazil, South Africa, and China. While the naturally occurring oxide is mined in these places, the refineries are often located elsewhere, in such places as Japan, France, and the United Kingdom. All told, 25 countries house refineries or smelting plants for the post-mining process. Over 1.4 million tons of primary nickel are produced each year, which is relatively little compared to the same statistic for copper and steel. Below is a map that indicates the geographic distribution of nickel production:
The metal ore of nickel is extracted from the earth's crust through a process that involves roasting and reduction which brings it out in its purest possible form. It is finally extracted when it reaches a purity of 75% or greater. Below is an image of the Mount Keith Nickel Mine:
Once the nickel ore has been extracted and refined, the process of creating an alloy is the most common next step in terms of material production. Due its exceptional resistance to heat, corrosion, and its toughness, nickel is often used for a number of items used in our everyday lives, including transport, household equipment, and power generation. Alloys of nickel, chromium, and iron are frequently used to make stainless steel, accounting for 65% of nickel production. These types of alloys are used in items ranging from kitchen appliances and medical equipment to technical and specialist engineering purposes. Nickel also has uses as a catalyst for chemical reactions, as well as serving as a key part in rechargeable battery systems used in many modern appliances.
Below is a link to my source material from The Nickel Institute's website:
http://www.nickelinstitute.org/NickelUseInSociety/AboutNickel.aspx
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